Value Engineering Based on Ecological-Visual Dual Function in Toll Road Landscape Planning: Empirical Evidence of Life Cycle Cost Efficiency of the Dumai–Rantauprapat Section

Nasrul Fanani; Suryawan Murtiadi; Dwi Dinariana

doi:10.59976/jurit.v4i3.395

Authors

Nasrul Fanani Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional
Suryawan Murtiadi Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional
Dwi Dinariana Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59976/jurit.v4i3.395

Abstract

This study evaluates landscape planning for Package 1 of the Dumai–Rantauprapat Toll Road (STA 0+000–27+000), comprising 15 plant species with an initial budget of IDR 8,261,901,154. Plant selection must balance ecological functions, including soil protection, visual quality, and long-term costs. The objectives are to identify major cost contributors, establish plant-selection priorities, and estimate potential life-cycle savings. Using a case study and ex-ante evaluation, the study combines Value Engineering, Pareto analysis, the Value Index, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) assessments by three experts. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) covers 40 years at an 8% discount rate. Data were drawn from cost budget documents and modeled plant-replacement scenarios. Pareto analysis shows that Dew Grass accounts for 63.38% of the landscape budget, while three principal aesthetic plants represent 87.60% of costs within the aesthetic group. AHP assigns the highest priority to ecological function (29.46%), followed by visual function (20.26%), with a combined consistency ratio of 0.0376. A proposed combination of Bahia Grass, Yellow Fire, Akalipa, and Alamanda yields an estimated life-cycle cost of IDR 56,816,365,772, compared with IDR 59,608,395,120 for the original design. The modeled difference is IDR 2,792,029,348, equivalent to potential savings of 4.68%. These savings are projections rather than realized financial outcomes, and the ecological and visual performance of replacement species remains unverified in the field. The study offers an integrated framework for prioritizing landscape expenditure, comparing plant alternatives, and planning maintenance over the operational lifespan of toll roads. Future field assessments should validate plant survival, maintenance needs, and aesthetic performance.

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