Route Optimization In Pharmaceutical Distribution Using Savings Matrix And Nearest Neighbor Heuristics: A Simulation-Based Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59976/jurit.v2i1.78Keywords:
Distribution, Saving Matrix, Nearest Neighbor, Arena Simulation, Route OptimizationAbstract
Drug distribution is one of the important factors in the pharmaceutical supply chain that directly affects operational costs and the speed of customer service. This study aims to optimize the distribution route at XYZ Pharmaceutical Warehouse, which previously used an inefficient delivery pattern, resulting in additional costs and delivery delays. This research implements the Clarke–Wright Saving Matrix and Nearest Neighbor heuristic methods and performs validation using Arena simulation. The analysis results show that the combination of the two methods can reduce the total distribution distance from 121.35 km to 103.90 km, or a reduction of 14.38%. The Nearest Neighbor method produced routes with shorter distances, while the Saving Matrix was superior in maximizing vehicle capacity. Simulations using Arena reinforced the results by showing potential savings in operational time and variable costs, particularly in fuel consumption and driver working hours. These findings confirm that the application of simple heuristic algorithms is still relevant in the context of pharmaceutical distribution, with significant implications for cost efficiency and productivity. Further research is recommended to integrate specific pharmaceutical constraints, such as time windows and cold chain, as well as metaheuristic approaches for more robust solutions.
Downloads
References
A. M. Elbir, “Joint antenna selection and hybrid beamformer design using unquantized and quantized deep learning networks,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1677–1688, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2956146.
A. Sola, “Multi-domain urban-scale energy modelling tools: A review,” 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101872.
G. Liang, “Reusing waste red brick powder as partial mineral precursor in eco-friendly binders: Reaction kinetics, microstructure and life-cycle assessment,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 185, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106523.
W. Du, “Development of capric acid-stearic acid-palmitic acid low-eutectic phase change material with expanded graphite for thermal energy storage,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 320, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126309.
A. L. Nevedal, “Rapid versus traditional qualitative analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR),” Implement. Sci., vol. 16, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1186/s13012-021-01111-5.
Q. Lei, “Active-passive dual-control smart window with thermochromic synergistic fluidic glass for building energy efficiency,” Build. Environ., vol. 222, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109407.
M. Cossu, “Emerging trends in the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) applied to the food decontamination,” 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110358.
M. A. Abdelzaher, “Sustainable development goals for industry, innovation, and infrastructure: demolition waste incorporated with nanoplastic waste enhanced the physicomechanical properties of white cement paste composites,” Appl. Nanosci. Switz., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 5521–5536, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s13204-023-02766-w.
J. Mbatchou, “Computationally efficient whole-genome regression for quantitative and binary traits,” Nat. Genet., vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1097–1103, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41588-021-00870-7.
S. Kang, “Energy-saving electrospinning with a concentric teflon-core rod spinneret to create medicated nanofibers,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1–16, 2020, doi: 10.3390/polym12102421.
L. D. La Perrelle, “Costs and economic evaluations of Quality Improvement Collaboratives in healthcare: A systematic review,” 2020. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-4981-5.
R. J. Tapper, “An evaluation of life cycle assessment and its application to the closed-loop recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymers,” 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107665.
J. Pfaff, “Intra Prediction and Mode Coding in VVC,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 3834–3847, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TCSVT.2021.3072430.
F. Mühlbauer, “A parallelised large neighbourhood search heuristic for the asymmetric two-echelon vehicle routing problem with swap containers for cargo-bicycles,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., vol. 289, no. 2, pp. 742–757, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.07.034.
L. González-Cavieres, “Advances in vacuum microwave drying (VMD) systems for food products,” 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.005.
I. Kerenidis, “Quantum gradient descent for linear systems and least squares,” Phys. Rev. A, vol. 101, no. 2, 2020, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.101.022316.
G. Capson-Tojo, “Purple phototrophic bacteria for resource recovery: Challenges and opportunities,” 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107567.
S. Rajabpour, “Low-temperature carbonization of polyacrylonitrile/graphene carbon fibers: A combined ReaxFF molecular dynamics and experimental study,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 174, pp. 345–356, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.12.038.
T. Gale, “Sparse gpu kernels for deep learning,” 2020. doi: 10.1109/SC41405.2020.00021.
O. Nanayakkara, “Alkali activated slag concrete incorporating recycled aggregate concrete: Long term performance and sustainability aspect,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 271, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121512.
S. Wiedemann, “Compact and Computationally Efficient Representation of Deep Neural Networks,” IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 772–785, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2019.2910073.
A. Petrucci, “Modelling of a multi-stage energy management control routine for energy demand forecasting, flexibility, and optimization of smart communities using a Recurrent Neural Network,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 268, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115995.
D. Kang, “Predicting the components and types of kerogen in shale by combining machine learning with NMR spectra,” Fuel, vol. 290, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.120006.
Z. Z. Luo, “Valence Disproportionation of GeS in the PbS Matrix Forms Pb5Ge5S12Inclusions with Conduction Band Alignment Leading to High n-Type Thermoelectric Performance,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 144, no. 16, pp. 7402–7413, 2022, doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c01706.
W. Shi, “A Separable Maximum Correntropy Adaptive Algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 2797–2801, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2020.2977608.
L. Cseri, “Bridging the interfacial gap in mixed-matrix membranes by nature-inspired design: precise molecular sieving with polymer-grafted metal-organic frameworks,” J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 9, no. 42, pp. 23793–23801, 2021, doi: 10.1039/d1ta06205k.
X. Xu, “Comparative study on fuel saving potential of series-parallel hybrid transmission and series hybrid transmission,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 252, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114970.
D. Naldzhiev, “Polyurethane insulation and household products – A systematic review of their impact on indoor environmental quality,” 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106559.
C. Ma, “Implicit Regularization in Nonconvex Statistical Estimation: Gradient Descent Converges Linearly for Phase Retrieval, Matrix Completion, and Blind Deconvolution,” Found. Comput. Math., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 451–632, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10208-019-09429-9.
M. Y. Ashfaq, “Application of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of environmental bacteria: A review,” 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114359.
Q. Chai, “The effects of government subsidies and environmental regulation on remanufacturing,” Comput. Ind. Eng., vol. 178, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2023.109126.
Z. Zhang, “SpArch: Efficient architecture for sparse matrix multiplication,” 2020. doi: 10.1109/HPCA47549.2020.00030.
K. Yu, “Thermal energy storage cement mortar containing encapsulated hydrated salt/fly ash cenosphere phase change material: Thermo-mechanical properties and energy saving analysis,” J. Energy Storage, vol. 51, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104388.
Z. Yi, “Super-insulated, flexible, and high resilient mullite fiber reinforced silica aerogel composites by interfacial modification with nanoscale mullite whisker,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 230, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109549.
A. F. S. Foureaux, “Direct contact membrane distillation as an alternative to the conventional methods for value-added compounds recovery from acidic effluents: A review,” 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116251.
O. J. Manrique, “Prepectoral Two-Stage Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction with and without Acellular Dermal Matrix: Do We See a Difference?,” Plast. Reconstr. Surg., vol. 145, no. 2, pp. 263–272, 2020, doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000006442.
H. Chang, “Multi-UAV Mobile Edge Computing and Path Planning Platform Based on Reinforcement Learning,” IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 489–498, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TETCI.2021.3083410.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Aldi Musliadin, Dwi Apriadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
